Oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by spinosad exposure in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells
Spinosad, a neurotoxic insecticide, is widely used for crop protection.In order to elucidate kaiser copy stands the effects of spinosad on oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Sf9 cells, the levels of lipid peroxidation, the activity of antioxidative enzymes, and DNA damage were measured.The results showed that spinosad caused a time-dependent incr